| 中国内生稀有稀土矿床的时空分布 |
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| 引用本文：.2001.Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Endogenic Rare and Rare Earth lVfineral Deposits of China[J].Mineral Deposits,20(4):347~354 |
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| 基金项目:中国主要矿种成矿图的编制和成矿规律研究项目(95-02-014) |
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| 中文摘要:内生稀有稀土矿床在我国广泛分布，矿床的形成时代从太古宙到喜马拉雅期。矿床类型主要有碱性岩型、花岗岩型及花岗伟晶岩型三大类型。碱性岩型矿床的形成时代从元占宙到喜马拉雅期，主要集中在中元古代及华力西．印支期。这类矿床多分布在地台稳定区的边缘，常沿深断裂或裂谷带延展方I句呈群分布。花岗岩型矿床绝大多数形成丁燕山期，主要见于南岭及其邻区。成矿花岗岩常是花岗岩复式岩体的晚期侵入体，沿大岩体周边或隐伏岩体上方作定向分布。花岗伟晶岩型矿床主要形成于华力西．印支期，大多数分布在地槽褶皱带内。褶皱带内的复背斜及更次一级背斜的轴部及倾没端常是矿化伟品岩的赋存场所。以攀西裂谷带内的牦牛坪、茨达等碱性岩型矿床，赣南加里东褶皱带内的西华山、荡坪等花岗岩型矿床，闽西北加里东褶皱带内的溪源头、西坑等花岗伟品岩型矿床为例具体地描述了三类矿床在空间上的定向分布。西部地区是找寻大型内生稀有稀土矿床极有潜力的地区。 |
| 中文关键词:内生稀有稀土矿床 形成时代 空间分布 中国 |
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| Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Endogenic Rare and Rare Earth lVfineral Deposits of China |
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| Abstract:Endogenic rare and rare earth mineral deposits are widespread in China, and data of their formation ages are available from Archean to Himalayan. Studies show that the three largest types of mineral deposits in China are deposits related to alkaline rocks, granitic rocks and granitic pegmatites respectively. The ore-forming process of the alkaline type deposits lasted from Mesoproterozoic to Himalayan, mainly in Mesoproterozoic and Variscan periods. They are commonly distributed along the margins of such stable areas as the platform and are characterized by oriented distribution along extensions of deep faults or rifts. The deposits of granitic type were mostly formed in Yanshanian period and are mainly distributed in Nanling region and its neighboring areas. Ore-forming granites are often late intrusions of a large composite rock body and are distributed around such a body. Sometimes they are characterized by oriented distribution over a buried composite rock body. The deposits of the granitic pegmatite type were mainly formed in Variscan-Indosinian period, and most of the m are distributed in geosyncline folded belts , especially in composite anticlines of folded belts. Ore-forming peg matites often occur at axes and pitching ends of secondary anticlines. As examples of oriented distribution of mineral deposits, the Maoniuping and Cida deposits related to alkaline type in rifts , the Xihuashan and Dangping deposits related to granitic type and the Xiyuantou and Xikeng deposits related to pegmatitic type in folded belts have been described concretely. The above-mentioned three types of mineral deposits were discovered in western China, but for the m only very insufficient prospecting work has been done. Western China has great potentialities so far as the prospecting of the endogenic rare and rare earth mineral deposits is concerned. |
| keywords:endogenic rare and rare earth mineral deposits, ages, spatial distribution, China |
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