投稿时间：2024-08-08
修订日期：2024-10-27
网络发布日期：2025-01-07
中文摘要:条带状铁建造（BIF—Banded Iron Formation）上部发育的赤铁矿床（w(TFe) ＞ 62%）是全球最重要的铁矿资源，但对其成矿条件的认识仍然存在争议。文章以几内亚西芒杜赤铁矿矿床（Ⅰ、Ⅱ区块）为例，根据全球古板块（含BIF）漂移轨迹，并按成矿系统“五要素”（源、运、储、变、保）对全球风化淋滤型赤铁矿矿床的形成条件进行讨论。文章认为丰富的矿源层是形成赤铁矿床的基础；条带状铁建造出露地表，板块（含BIF）漂移穿过赤道和南、北回归线是必备条件；上亿年的热带环境和热带雨林生物及微生物的作用是脱硅的关键；富氧化铁矿石的后期改造提高矿石质量；赤铁矿矿体大部分得到保存能形成超大型矿床。
Abstract:Hematite deposits (w(TFe) > 62%) developed in the upper part of the banded iron formation (BIF) represent the most important iron ore resources in the world, but the ore-formation conditions remain debated. Taken the Simandou hematite deposit in Guinea as an example, and based on the drift trajectory of global ancient plates (containing BIF) and the “five elements” of mineralization system (including source, transport, storage, transformation, and preservation), this paper discussed the ore-forming conditions of the BIF-hosted high-grade hematite deposits in the world. We propose that abundant BIF layers are the basis for the formation of large-scale high-grade hematite deposits, the exposure of BIF layers to the surface and BIF-bearing plates drifting through the equator and Tropic of Cancer is a necessary condition, billions of years of tropical environment as well as tropical rainforest organisms and microorganisms is the key for desilicification, later alteration of hematite is favorable for increasing ore grade, and the preservation condition is also important for the formation of large-scale high-grade hematite deposits.
keywords:banded iron formation supergene process high-grade hematite ore ore-forming condition Simandou
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基金项目:本文得到自然科学基金项目（编号：42072112）和地质调查项目（编号：DD20221695、DD20242072）联合资助
引用文本：
王永基,李立兴,姚顺义,李朗田,刘建权,胡金才,张旦,夏斌.2024.全球风化淋滤型赤铁矿矿床形成条件的讨论——以几内亚西芒杜矿床（Ⅰ、Ⅱ区块）为例[J].矿床地质,43(6):1280~1294WANGYongJi,LI LiXing,YAO ShunYi,LI LangTian,LIU JianQuan,HU JinCai,ZHANG Dan,XIA Bin.2024.Discussion on ore forming conditions of supergene high grade hematite ores from Simandou deposit (Ⅰ and Ⅱ region) in Guinea[J].Mineral Deposits43(6):1280~1294
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