投稿时间：2021-01-15
修订日期：2021-04-02
网络发布日期：2021-08-30
中文摘要:稀有、稀土和稀散元素（三稀）目前已成为世界各国经济发展中的关键矿产。中华人民共和国成立以来，中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所作为中国矿床地质工作者大家庭中的成员，一直致力于三稀资源的研究和探索。一代又一代人，为国家做出了贡献。其中，对世界闻名的新疆可可托海3号脉和内蒙古白云鄂博稀有稀土矿床较早就投入了工作，他们为此付出了毕生精力；在湖南香花岭含铍条纹岩中发现了中国第一个新矿物——香花石；1970年后，在内蒙古巴尔哲、福建南平和四川大水沟稀土、稀有和分散元素等矿床发现后，也开展了深入系统的研究，特别是在中国首次发现风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床后，对稀土元素赋存状态的确定和分布规律做出了重要贡献。进入21世纪，三稀资源被确定为关键矿产后，矿产资源研究所进一步加强了这方面的工作，不但取得了理论上的创新，而且发现了一批新的三稀矿产地，尤其是在川西甲基卡和可尔因等地投入了大量的地质、地球物理、地球化学、遥感、钻探等工作，其中钻探工作量就达11818.96 m，为把川西花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿集区建设成为国家大型锂矿基地作出了新贡献。对于卤水型锂及其他稀有金属矿产资源的调查研究和开发利用也一直是矿产资源研究所的重点，几十年来从未间断，在柴达木盆地西部、四川盆地东北部及江汉盆地等地近年来不断取得新进展。
中文关键词:地质学 稀有、稀土和稀散元素矿产 矿床类型 成矿规律 进展综述
Abstract:At present, rare metals, rare earth and rare scattered elements (3R) have become the key mineral resources in the economic development of all countries in the world. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Institute of Mineral Resources of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, as a member of the family of economic geologists in China, has been committed to the research and exploration of the three rare resources. Generation after generation, they have made great contributions to the country. After the discovery of the world-class rare and rare earth metal deposits at Keketuohai No.3 vein in Xinjiang and the Bayan Obo deposit in Inner Mongolia, they had been working there and devoted their lives. The first new mineral in China, Xianghuashi, was discovered in Xianghualing beryllium bearing striped rocks, Hunan Province. Since 1970, after the discovery of rare earth, rare and dispersed element deposits in Balzhe, Inner Mongolia, Nanping, Fujian and Dashuigou, Sichuan, they also carried out comprehensive and systematic study work and made important contributions, particularly, after the first discovery of weathering crust ion adsorption type rare earth deposits in China, it has made an important contribution to the determination of occurrence state and distribution of rare earth elements. In the 21st century, after the 3R mineral resources were classified as key minerals, the Institute of Mineral Resources has further strengthened its work in this field. In particular, with the strong support of national key projects, extensive mapping, sampling, geophysics, remote sensing and drilling (11818.96m in total) had been undertaken in Jiajika and Keeryin regions, West Sichuan, a number of new 3R mineral resources have been discovered, and this made western Sichuan become an important national lithium resources base, where hosts a number of granite pegmatite type rare metal ore-fields. The research, exploration and development on the brine lithium and other rare metals resources are also one of the key tasks of the Institute of Mineral Resources for several decades, new research and exploration progress have been made in recent years in the western Qaidam Basin, northeastern Sichuan Basin and the Jianghan Basin etc.
keywords:geology rare, rare earth and rare scattered element mineral resources (3R) ore deposit type metallogenic regularity progress review
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基金项目:本文得到中国地质调查局中国矿产地质志项目（编号：DD20160346、DD20190379）和国家社会科学基金项目《中国战略性三稀矿产资源供给风险治理机制研究》项目（编号：19ZDA111）联合资助
引用文本：
杨岳清,王登红,孙艳,赵芝,刘善宝,王成辉,郭维明.2021.矿产资源研究所“三稀”矿产研究与找矿实践70年历程——回顾与启示[J].矿床地质,40(4):655~692YANG YueQing,WANG DengHong,SUN Yan,ZHAO Zhi,LIU ShanBao,WANG ChengHui,GUO WeiMing.2021.Review on research and exploration of the 3R mineral resources during the past 70 years by Institute of Mineral Resources[J].Mineral Deposits40(4):655~692
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