投稿时间：2020-09-06
修订日期：2021-04-23
网络发布日期：2021-07-12
中文摘要:秘鲁中部莫罗科查地区在板块俯冲引发的中新世构造-岩浆-热液作用下，形成了斑岩型、矽卡岩型、浅成低温热液型等多种铜钼铅锌银多金属矿化。文章选取该地区超大型特罗莫克铜钼矿床为典型矿床实例，通过岩石学、岩相学和年代学系统研究，深入剖析矿床的蚀变类型和矿化地质特征，并结合区域岩浆-热液作用过程，总结其区域成矿特点，以期为该区资源勘查工作提供参考。研究结果表明，作为典型的斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床，特罗莫克铜钼矿的成矿期花岗闪长岩、长石斑岩、石英斑岩及英安斑岩等多期岩体在9.4~7.3 Ma之间相继侵位，并伴随形成多种蚀变矿化，其中铜钼矿化主要形成于8.0~7.8 Ma。矿区主要发育钾硅酸盐化、绢英岩化、绿泥石化、黏土化、矽卡岩化、角岩化等典型的斑岩矿床蚀变特征，而矽卡岩中发育透闪石-阳起石、蛇纹石-滑石等多种钙质和镁质矽卡岩矿物。铜钼矿化以浸染状、细脉状、网脉状、块状等形式产出，且矿化自中心向外围，依次具有铜-钼→铅-锌→铅-银的元素分带。结合莫罗科查区域主要发育的3个持续了3.5~0.3 Ma的中新世岩浆热液中心（北侧Codiciada杂岩体、中部Toromocho岩体和西部Ticlio斑岩），以及与之相关的蚀变和矿化特征，笔者认为，围绕岩浆热液中心，区域成矿呈现中心斑岩-矽卡岩型、外围浅成低温热液脉型多金属矿化的分布规律，矿化整体呈现自中心向外围的铜—铜锌—铅锌银规律性分带特征，该类“多中心式”斑岩-矽卡岩成矿系统的蚀变-矿化规律应在未来区域矿产勘查工作中引起重视。
Abstract:In central Peru, the Morococha area is characterized by a variety of porphyry-, skarn-, and epithermal-type Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic mineralization, resulting from the Miocene magmatic-hydrothermal activity during the plate subduction. This paper describes the geological characteristics of alteration and mineralization of the typical Toromocho porphyry-skarn Cu-Mo deposit in this area by utilizing petrological and petrographic observation and chronological analysis. Combined with regional magmatic-hydrothermal process, the authors summarize regional mineralization characteristics and intend to provide some help to promote further mineral exploration. It is shown that granodiorite, feldspar porphyry, quartz porphyry and dacite porphyry in the Toromocho deposit intruded during 9.4~7.3 Ma, resulting in various kinds of alteration and mineralization, and the copper-molybdenum mineralization mainly occurred at 8.0~7.8 Ma. The main alteration types show typical porphyry-type alteration characteristics, including potassic, phyllic, chloritic, argillic, skarn, hornfel, marble alteration, and carbonate and anhydrite in the skarn rocks. The calcic and magnesian skarn minerals in the Toromocho deposit are mainly composed of tremolite, actinolite, serpentine, talc, garnet and diopside. The mineralization in the Toromocho deposit occurs as disseminated, veinlet and stockwork veins in intrusions, skarns and hornfels, showing the distribution of Cu-Mo, Pb-Zn, Pb-Ag subzones from the center to the periphery. Combined with predominant three magmatic-hydrothermal centers (Codiciada complex, central Toromocho intrusions, and western Ticlio porphyry) within the duration period of 3.5~0.3 Ma in Morococha area and the associated alteration and mineralization features, the authors infer that mineralization in this area is characterized by inner porphyry-skarn type and outer epithermal vein-type polymetallic mineralization, and the element zonation from Cu to Cu-Zn and Pb-Zn-Ag was evolved from the center to the outer part. This multiple center porphyry-skarn mineralization system in this area should arouse due attention in future exploration.
keywords:geology porphyry-skarn Cu-Mo deposit epithermal polymetallic mineralization geological characteristics Toromocho central Peru
文章编号：
中图分类号：
文献标志码：
基金项目:本文得到国家自然科学基金项目（编号：41762011）、中国科学院青促会基金（2019070）资助
引用文本：
金露英,秦克章,张西平,赵俊兴,曾敏.2021.秘鲁中部超大型特罗莫克斑岩-矽卡岩铜钼矿地质特征及区域成矿作用[J].矿床地质,40(3):587~602JIN LuYing,QIN KeZhang,ZHANG XiPing,ZHAO JunXing,and ZENG Min.2021.Geological characteristics of giant Toromocho porphyry-skarn Cu-Mo deposit and regional mineralization in central Peru[J].Mineral Deposits40(3):587~602
图/表
