中文摘要:碱交代作用是整个热液作用成矿的一个基本机理，包括：① 所有的热液作用是碱型地幔流体从对岩石（或岩体或地层）进行碱交代（K、Na的带入）开始的； ② 提供矿源（靠富K、Na热液的强烈交代作用在热液上升路途中萃取岩石矿质）；③形成碱交代岩，使热液由强碱性向酸性（［H+］离子浓度增长）演化，以破坏稳定的矿质迁移形式，导致沉淀、卸载、成矿；④ 碱交代岩是高压高温爆裂岩，角砾和次生孔隙度由此大增，有利于热液和构造再活动，成为金属成矿和油气成藏的有利储矿围岩。文章用新的证据证明此富碱热液来自深部碱型地幔流体（A-HACONS）。通过碱金属地球化学这条纲把热液作用和地幔流体作用串联为深浅一个整体。
Abstract:An important ore-forming regularity concerning the alkaline metasomatism in lite rature has been long neglected. In the past 30 years, the authors have gradually found out that the alkaline metasomatic process constitutes the crucial ore-for ming mechanism, as evidenced by the following facts: ① the whole hydrothermal p rocess starts with the alkaline metasomatism (the introduction of K+ and Na+ to the altered rocks); ② this process provides ore sources by leaching and extrac ting of ore components from pathway rocks through metasomatism; ③ the process can promote the hydrothennal solution transition from alkaline to acidic by the exhaustion of K+ and Na+ in the solution and the destruction of the stable m igra tion forms of ore components, thus resulting in their precipitation; ④ alkalin e metasomatic rocks become very porous, which is favorable for the introduction and penetration of ore-forming solution and provides ore and oil-gas traps. New evidence is given in this paper which shows that the metasomatic hydrothermal s olution is derived from deep alkali-rich mantle fiuids (A-HACONS flow).
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杜乐天,王文广.2009.碱型地幔流体与富碱热液成矿[J].矿床地质,28(5):599~610杜乐天,王文广.2009.Alkaline mantle fluids and alkali-rich hydrothermal metallogenesis [J].Mineral Deposits28(5):599~610
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