中文摘要:硅的地球化学是热液成矿理论网络中最重要的横向沟通桥粱之一。我们平日千百万次看到的一个最普通的矿物——石英却蕴藏了相当丰富的内涵．通过它可以把表面上几乎毫不相关的各个矿床和矿化类型联络成为一个巨系统。本文拟尝试提出一个热液成矿过程的新流程：HACONSA→RE(HCONS)→E+SiO2，H为氢，卤素(主要是氟、氯，也包括溴、碘)，也代表热，A为碱金属（主要是钾、钠，还包括锂、铷、铯）；C为碳；O为氧；N为氮；S为硫族（包括Se、Te）。HACONS可简称幔汁，它是对文献中地幔热流体的地球化学结构的确切陈述。R为岩石（主要指地壳岩石），E为成矿元素，SiO2为氧化硅（其矿物形式为石英、蛋白石、玉髓、燧石、碧玉，也包括蚀变中的硅化和沉积岩中的硅质层）。发自地幔的热流体沿深大断裂系统上涌进入地壳，混入地壳物质，其中的钠、钾等通过碱交代作用破坏岩石，释放成矿元素，后者被酸性挥发分（或称矿化剂）络合迁移，到减压、降温、中和区（陆上或海底）成矿元素和硅质发生沉淀、富集或成矿。
Abstract:The silicon geochemistry is a key to hydrothermalism and also a strong link between various hydrothermal deposits, connecting them into a giant integrated ore-forming system. In this paper a new model for hydrothermal processes is put forward, which can be formularized as HACONS(mantle ichor)A→R E(HCONS)→E+SiO2, where H stands for hydIogen, halogens(chlorine, fluorine, bromine and iodine)and heat, A fm alkalis(sodium, potassium, lithillln, rubidium and cesium, C for carbon, O for oxygen, N for nitrogen, S for sulfur, selenium and tellurium, R tor pathway rocks in the upper mantle and the earth crust through which hydrothermal solutions pass, E for ore-forming elements and Si for silica in various forms such as quartz, opal, chlcedony, chert, sinter, silicification and siliceous sediments. The mantle ichor trends to ascend from the depth towards the surface, leaching ore-forming elements from pathway rocks through alkaline metasomatism(the introduction of alkalis into altered rocks), transporting the released componemts in the form of complex anions, precipitating them at shallower places, and thus resulting in the concentration or/and mineralization. The characteristic paragenetic associations are invariably ore minerals plus free silica.
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杜乐天.1992.硅桥问题——兼及当代热液成矿理论的概念更新[J].矿床地质,11(1):13~20.1992.The silica bridge problem with special reference to concept changes in hydrothermal metallogeny[J].Mineral Deposits11(1):13~20
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