投稿时间：2024-10-08
修订日期：2024-11-30
网络发布日期：2025-01-07
中文摘要:聚焦藏东三江北段、冈底斯中东段、班公湖-怒江斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液铜多金属成矿带，针对新特提斯洋俯冲-陆陆碰撞过程铜多金属矿床的成矿地质条件与区域成矿规律、高原隆升与矿床保存机制、西藏3大成矿带铜多金属资源潜力、高寒深切割陆相火山岩浅覆盖区绿色勘查技术体系等科技问题，文章系统总结了主要成矿带26个大型-超大型斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液型铜多金属矿床的地质特征，揭示了区域成矿规律并提出了进一步找矿方向。西藏的斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液矿床主要的成岩成矿年龄为冈底斯成矿带中段早中侏罗世（160~174 Ma），班公湖-怒江成矿带西段的早白垩世（89~123 Ma），冈底斯成矿带东段和西段的古新世（50~65 Ma）和渐新世、中新世（14~23 Ma），玉龙成矿带的始新世（39~43 Ma）。与大洋俯冲有关的矿床以铜（金银）矿化为主，如雄村岛弧型铜（金银）矿（铜资源量238万t，伴生金202 t，伴生银1041 t），铁格隆南、多不杂、波龙等陆缘弧型铜（金银）矿（铜资源量超2400万t，伴生金超500 t，伴生银超5000 t）；以大陆碰撞地壳加厚有关的主要为矽卡岩铅锌（铜金银）矿为主，如蒙亚啊、洞中拉、邦布勒、查格勒等，以及低硫化浅成低温热液型银铅锌（金）矿；与大陆碰撞走滑有关的主要以斑岩-矽卡岩型铜钼钨矿为主，如玉龙铜钼金钨矿带、努日-程巴铜钼钨矿集区；与大陆碰撞伸展背景有关的主要为斑岩-矽卡岩铜多金属矿床，主要矿床为巨龙（驱龙）铜钼多金属矿、甲玛铜多金属矿、邦铺钼铜多金属矿、朱诺铜钼矿等。未来的矿产勘查增储的重点为超大型矿床的深边部找矿，寻找多中心复合的同成矿期不同类型高品位厚大矿体，班-怒带多龙矿集区铁格隆南深边部新增铜资源量超400万t，波龙深边部新增铜资源量超200万t；重点关注火山岩覆盖区的浅成低温热液-斑岩型铜金矿的勘查评价，西藏早中侏罗世到中新世火山岩极为发育，找矿潜力巨大，班-怒带革吉珠勒-芒拉地区有望取得斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜金矿的找矿突破。
中文关键词:铜多金属矿床 成矿规律 找矿方向 斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液矿床 西藏
Abstract:Focusing on porphyry-skarn-epithermal copper polymetallic deposits in the northern section of the Sanjiang district, in eastern Xizang, the middle and eastern section of Gangdese district, the Bangongco-Nujiang district, regarding metallogenic geology, regional metallogeny, mechanism of plateau uplift and preservation of different deposits, exploration potential copper polymetallic and green exploration technology at the volcanic rock covered district of major Metallogenic Belts in Xizang, from subduction of the New Tethys Ocean to continental collision, this paper systematically summarizes the geology of 26 large-giant porphyry-skarn-epithermal copper polymetallic deposits, reveals the regional metallogeny and give new direction for further exploration. The main diagenesis and metallogenic ages of porphyry-skarn-epithermal deposits in Xizang are Early Middle Jurassic (160~174 Ma) in the middle of Gangdese Metallogenic Belt, Early Cretaceous (89~123 Ma) in the West of Bangongco-Nujiang Metallogenic Belt, Paleocene (50~65 Ma), Oligocene and Miocene(14~23 Ma) in the East and West of Gangdese Metallogenic Belt, and Eocene (39~43 Ma) in Yulong Metallogenic Belt. The deposits related to oceanic subduction are mainly Cu (Au and Ag) deposit, such as the island arc type Xiongcun Cu (Au and Ag) (with a total of 2.38 million tons of Cu, 202 tons of associated Au, and 1041 tons of associated Ag), and the continental arc type Tiegelongnan, Duobuza, Bolong and other Cu (Au and Ag) deposits (with Cu resources exceeding 24 million tons, associated Au exceeding 500 tons, and associated Ag exceeding 5000 tons). The main deposits related to crustal thickening caused by continental collision are skarn Pb-Zn (Cu-Au-Ag) deposits, such as Mengyaa, Dongzhongla, Bangbule, Chagele, as well as low sulfidation epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn (Au) deposits. The main deposits related to continental collision and strike slip are porphyry-skarn Cu-Mo-W deposits, such as the Yulong Cu- Mo- Au-W deposit belt and the Nuri-Chengba Cu-Mo-W ore district. The main deposits related to the continental collision and extension are porphyry-skarn Cu polymetallic deposits, including the Julong (Qulong) Cu-Mo polymetallic deposit, Jiama Cu polymetallic deposit, Bangpu Mo-Cu polymetallic deposit, Zhunuo Cu-Mo deposit, etc. The future exploration should be focused on the deep and edge of giant deposits, searching for multi-center high-grade thick and large ore bodies of different types in the same mineralization period. The newly found Cu resources at deep of Tiegelongnan, Duolong district, exceed 4 million tons, and the deep edge of Bolong exceed 2 million tons. The next exploration and evaluation should focus on the epithermal-porphyry Cu-Au deposits in volcanic rock covered area. Volcanic rocks from early to middle Jurassic to Miocene are extremely developed in Xizang, which suggested to be great prospecting potential. The Zhule-Mangla area in Bangongco-Nujiang belt is expected to achieve a breakthrough in the exploration of porphyry-epithermal Cu-Au deposits.
keywords:copper polymetallic deposits metallogenic regularity the direction for further exploration the porphyry-skarn-epithermal deposit Xizang
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基金项目:本文得到国家自然基金科研项目（编号：42230813、42272093、42472140）、中国地质科学院院基本科研业务费项目（编号：JKYZD202316）、国家重点研发计划-深地专项（编号：2022YFC2905001）、西藏自治区科技计划项目（编号：XZ202401YD0006）、新一轮找矿突破战略行动科技支撑项目（编号：ZKKJ202429）和中国地质调查局项目（编号：DD20230054、DD20230362）联合资助
引用文本：
唐菊兴,林彬,杨欢欢,唐攀,谢富伟,王勇,周敖日格勒,顾枫华,邹兵,张晓旭,王勤,李发桥,张琪,付雪莲,张荣坤,余立锐,王梦蝶,熊妍,谢金玲,李文韬.2024.西藏斑岩-矽卡岩-浅成低温热液型矿床地质特征及找矿方向[J].矿床地质,43(6):1223~1265TANG JuXing,LIN Bin,YANG HuanHuan,TANG Pan,XIE FuWei,WANG Yong,ZHOU AoRiGeLe,GU FengHua,ZOU Bing,ZHANG XiaoXu,WANG Qin,Li FaQiao,ZHANG Qi,FU XueLian,ZHANG RongKun,YU LiRui,WANG MengDie,XIONG Yan,XIE JinLing,LI WenTao.2024.Geological characteristics and prospecting direction of porphyry-skarn-epithermal deposits in Xizang[J].Mineral Deposits43(6):1223~1265
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