投稿时间：2019-09-06
修订日期：2020-08-11
网络发布日期：2020-10-31
中文摘要:虎头崖Pb-Zn多金属矿床位于东昆仑西段祁漫塔格岩浆弧带，矿体主要赋存于三叠纪花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩与围岩的接触带及围岩中，并伴生有Fe、Cu等元素，属典型矽卡岩型矿床。对矽卡岩阶段石榴子石和透辉石、退化蚀变阶段绿帘石、石英硫化物阶段方解石、石英、萤石中流体包裹体的详细岩相学研究结果表明，与成矿有关的流体包裹体类型主要有富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体和含子矿物三相包裹体。激光拉曼光谱分析结果显示，气相、液相成分以H2O为主，含少量HCO3-；固相成分以NaCl为主，并有少量的闪锌矿（ZnS）、磁黄铁矿（Fe1-xS）和硬石膏（CaSO4），成矿流体应为H2O-NaCl体系。包裹体显微测温结果显示，矽卡岩、退化蚀变、石英硫化物阶段均一温度分别为（430~490℃、550~580℃）、340~370℃和190~340℃，盐度w（NaCleq）分别为39%~48%、9%~12%、（0.18%~4%、15%~24%）。H-O同位素研究表明，成矿流体主要为岩浆热液，在成矿晚期则有不同程度的大气降水混入。在石英硫化物阶段，含子矿物包裹体和气相分数变化较大的气液包裹体共生，它们均一温度相近但盐度差别较大，表明成矿流体曾发生过广泛的不混溶（沸腾）作用，而这一过程很可能导致流体中Pb、Zn、Fe、Cu等矿质沉淀富集。
Abstract:The Hutouya Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, located in the Qimantag magmatic arc of the western section of Eastern Kunlun, is a typical skarn deposit associated with beneficial elements such as Fe and Cu. The orebodies are hosted in the contact zone between Triassic granodiorite and monzonite and surrounding rock. Petrographic studies of fluid inclusions in garnet, diopside of skarn stage, epidote of degradation alteration stage, calcite, quartz, and fluorite of quartz sulfide stage show that the inclusions related to mineralization include mainly vapor-rich liquid inclusions, liquid-rich liquid inclusions, and daughter mineral-bearing inclusions. Laser Raman spectrum studies of fluid inclusions indicate that components of fluid inclusions are mostly H2O, with a small amount of HCO3-. Solid components of fluid inclusions are mainly composed of NaCl, with a small amount of ZnS, Fe1-xS and CaSO4. Microthermometric studies of fluid inclusions show that homogenization temperatures of skarn stage, retrograde alteration stage, and quartz-sulfide stage are (430~490℃, 550~580℃), 340~370℃ and 190~340℃, respectively, whereas corresponding salinities are 39%~48%, 9%~12% and (0.18%~4%, 15%~24%) respectively. The ore-forming fluid should be H2O+NaCl system. H and O isotopic geochemistry shows that ore-forming fluids were mainly derived from magmatic water, whereas the late ore-forming fluids were mixed with the meteoric water in varying degrees. In the quartz-sulfide stage, daughter mineral-bearing inclusions coexisted with gas-liquid inclusions (gas-liquid ratio change becoming larger). Their homogenization temperatures are similar but salinity difference is large, indicating that ore-forming fluid experienced the immiscible process (boiling) that may have caused the precipitation and concentration of Pb, Zn, Fe and Cu.
keywords:geology fluid inclusions ore-forming fluids lead-zinc skarn deposit Hutouya Qimantag Qinghai Province
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基金项目:本文得到国土资源公益性行业科研专项（编号：201411024）和中国地质调查局地质调查（编号：1212011220737、12120113090000）共同资助
引用文本：
刘鹏,吕志成,董树义,张德会,李永胜,于晓飞,祝新友,姚磊.2020.青海祁漫塔格虎头崖铅锌多金属矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿机制研究[J].矿床地质,39(5):825~844LIU Peng,Lü ZhiCheng,DONG ShuYi,ZHANG DeHui,LI YongSheng,YU XiaoFei,ZHU XinYou,YAO Lei.2020.Fluid inclusion characteristics and metallogenic mechanism of Hutouya skarn Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Qimantag, Qinghai Province[J].Mineral Deposits39(5):825~844
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