投稿时间：2019-09-28
修订日期：2020-03-01
网络发布日期：2020-05-14
中文摘要:钨具有极高的熔点和硬度，是现代生活、工业、国防和高科技领域中不可或缺的基础材料。研究显示，矽卡岩型钨矿是世界钨矿床中最主要的类型，广泛分布于受俯冲影响的环太平洋大陆边缘和与碰撞有关的欧亚大陆内部古大陆边缘，形成时代集中在中生代和古生代。钨在岩浆演化过程中呈现不相容的特征，因此与钨矿化相关的岩浆岩演化程度较高，包括S型、A型以及高分异I型花岗岩。钨具有较高的流体亲和性，使其在熔-流体分异过程中倾向于富集在共存的流体相。钨在热液流体中以氯化物、氟化物和碳酸盐络合物，以及同多钨酸盐和杂多钨酸盐等形式迁移，主要受源岩、围岩成分和流体物化条件等因素影响。矽卡岩型钨矿的成矿作用存在多期次、多阶段演化特征，不同阶段的成矿流体的温度和盐度存在差异。白钨矿是矽卡岩型钨矿中主要的矿石矿物，其沉淀可能受到多种机制的影响，如降温、流体混合、流体沸腾及流体-围岩反应等。文章简要综述了世界矽卡岩型钨矿的时空分布、地质特征和相关成因矿物学研究，并重点总结了钨的成矿岩浆-热液体系特征，钨在岩浆-热液演化过程中的地球化学行为及其迁移和沉淀机制等方面的研究成果。文章指出，为了完善矽卡岩型钨矿的成矿和找矿勘查模型，应当加强矽卡岩型钨矿的成矿时代、成矿物质和流体来源以及成矿环境的精细研究。
Abstract:Tungsten, as a relatively rare metal with high melting point and hardness, has been found necessary in mo-dern life, industry, national defense, and high-tech fields.Studies have shown that world's tungsten deposits are dominated by skarn-type tungsten deposits, which are widely distributed in the subduction-type plate boundary along the Pacific Ocean and the collision-type plate boundary in the Eurasia continent. The significant develo-pment of tungsten skarn in geological history mainly occurred in the Mesozoic and Paleozoic period. Tungsten is incompatible in the evolution of magma, and hence the magmatic rocks associated with tungsten mineralization are S-type, A-type or highly differentiated I-type.The high fluid affinity caused preferential enrichment of tungsten in the coexisting fluid phase during melt differentiation.Tungsten could be transported by various complexes in hydrothermal fluids, including chloride, fluoride and carbonate complexes, as well as homopolytungstate and heteropolytungstate, mainly depending on source/host-rock composition and physicochemical conditions. The ore-forming processes of skarn-type deposit generally included multiple stages, which displayed obvious distinctions in the temperatures and salinities of mineralizing fluids. Scheelite is the main ore mineral in skarn-type tungsten deposits, and its deposition might have been controlled by various mechanisms, such as cooling, fluid mixing, fluid boiling, and fluid-rock interaction. This paper made a brief review of spatial and temporal distribution, ore deposit geology, and mineralogy of tungsten deposits studied before, and mainly focused on the geochemical behavior in the processes of magmatic-hydrothermal evolution and mechanisms of transport and deposition of tungsten. It is held that researches should be further strengthened in such aspects as the duration and evolution of tungsten skarn systems, the origin of tungsten, and the physical and chemical conditions of tungsten precipitation.
keywords:geology metallogenesis mechanisms of transport and deposition mineralogy skarn-type tungsten deposits
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基金项目:本文得到国家自然科学基金项目（编号：41472080）资助
引用文本：
李佳黛,李晓峰.2020.矽卡岩型钨矿床成矿作用研究进展[J].矿床地质,39(2):256~272LI JiaDai,LI XiaoFeng.2020.Research progress in metallogenesis of skarn-type tungsten deposits[J].Mineral Deposits39(2):256~272
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